PlayBook-变量 - 运维

#一、自定义变量
##1. 使用vars: 定义变量

![](/media//201911/2019-11-14220803449322.png)

---
##2. 使用var_files:定义变量文件
	- hosts: web
	  remote_user: root
	  vars_files:			#定义参数文件
	  - vars/server_vars.yml
	  tasks:
	  - name: insert firewalld rule for httpd
	    firewalld: port={{ http_port }}/tcp permanent=true state=enabled immediate=yes
	#{{ http_port }}引用参数文件中的变量
---
	vars/server_vars.yml文件内容：
	http_port: 80

---
##3. 在组的主机后面添加变量
	vim /etc/ansible/hosts
![](/media//201911/2019-11-14220911688332.png)

![](/media//201911/2019-11-14220951941938.png)

---
##4. 定义复杂变量
	#定义：
	foo:
	  field1: one
	  field2: two
	--------------------------------------------------------
	#引用
	foo["field1"]
	或
	foo.field1
	  
---
#二、远程主机系统变量
####每个Playbook在执行前，都会通过setup模块收集Facts信息（远程主机信息），这些信息可以直接以变量的形式使用
	[root@G-frafana_10-188-100-55 ~]# ansible 10.188.100.55 -m setup
	10.188.100.55 | SUCCESS => {
	    "ansible_facts": {
	        "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
	            "116.31.71.155", 
	            "150.242.57.11", 
	            "10.188.100.55"
	        ], 
	        "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [], 
	        "ansible_apparmor": {
	            "status": "disabled"
	        }, 
	        "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", 
	        "ansible_bios_date": "04/05/2016", 
	        "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", 
	        "ansible_cmdline": {
	            "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1127.19.1.el7.x86_64", 
	            "LANG": "zh_CN.UTF-8", 
	            "biosdevname": "0", 
	            "crashkernel": "auto", 
	            "ipv6.disable": "1", 
	            "net.ifnames": "0", 
	            "quiet": true, 
	            "rd.lvm.lv": "VolGroup/swap", 
	            "rhgb": true, 
	            "ro": true, 
	            "root": "/dev/mapper/VolGroup-root"
	        }, 
	        "ansible_date_time": {
	            "date": "2022-02-14", 
	            "day": "14", 
---
####引用变量
	{{ ansible_date_time["date"] }}
	或者
	{{ ansible_date_time.date }}

---
##关闭Facts，可提升ansible性能
	#在playbook中，通过gater_facts来控制是否收集fasts信息
	- hosts: web
	  gater_facts:no		#不收集Facts信息
	  remote_user: root
	  vars_files:
	  - vars/server_vars.yml
	  tasks:
	  - name: insert firewalld rule for httpd
	    firewalld: port={{ http_port }}/tcp permanent=true state=enabled immediate=yes

---
#三、文件模板使用变量
####playbook.yaml文件：
	- hosts: web
	  vars:
	    http_port: 80
		defined_name: "Hello My name is Bao"
	  tasks:
	  - name: installed httpd
	    yum: pkg=httpd state=latest
	  - name: changed index_file
	    template:
		  src: templates/index2.html.j2
		  dest: /var/www/html/index.html
	  - name: start httpd
	    service: name=httpd state=restarted
---
####index2.html.j2文件：
	<!DOCTYPE html>
	<html>
	<head>
		<title>Demo</title>
	</head>
	<body>
	<div>
		<h1>Demo {{ defined_name }}</h1>>
		
	    <p>Served by {{ ansible_hostname }} ({{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }})</p>
	
	</div>
	</body>
	</html>

---
#四、注册变量
	- hosts: web
	  tasks:
	  - name: Register_Var		  #注册变量
	    register: result
	    ignore_errors: True
	  - name: Echo_Register_Var	 #引用变量
	    shell: echo "{{ result.stdout }}"
	    when: result.rc == 5
	  - name: Echo_Debug			#引用变量
	    debug:
	      msg:"{{ result.stdout }}"
---
#五、额外变量（传参）
####定义变量
	- hosts: web
	  remote_user: root
	  vars:	
	    http_port: '{{ port }}'		#定义额外变量
		http_name: Bao
	  tasks:
	  - name: insert firewalld rule for httpd
	    firewalld: port={{ http_port }}/tcp permanent=true state=enabled immediate=yes
---
####引用变量
	ansible-playbook a.yml --extra-vars "http_port=8080 http_name=Bao_test"
---
####引用变量（json格式）
	ansible-playbook a.yml --extra-vars "{'http_port':'8080', 'http_name':'Bao_test'}"
---
####引用变量（参数文件）
	ansible-playbook a.yml --extra-vars "@vars.json"
---
	#vars.json文件内容：
	{'http_port':'8080', 'http_name':'Bao_test'}